Histoire

The French took possession of the country in 1534 (Jacques Cartier) and called it "New France" in England, The Quebec region was renamed, French.

The independence of the United States increased the flux of the British population: Creation of New Brunswick in 1784; the Constitution of 1791 requiring the creation of a Lower Canada (French) and an Upper Canada (English) ; Union Act 1840 requiring the united Canada at the expense of French. JA McDonald and GE Cartier of London granted the status of Dominion (1867) which permit to reduce tensions with the United Kingdom. The Confederation of Canada created pool in addition to the two provinces "of origin, became Ontario and Quebec and the Maritime provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island and Prince Edward Island) five other provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland) and two territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon). Winner gradually autonomy (Laurier, King), independent since the inception of the Commonwealth (1931), which is a member, the country has been directed, depending on the time by Liberals (Mackenzie King, Saint Laurent, Pearson, Trudeau, Chretien) or conservatives (Dienfenbaker, Mulroney.

<-- Jacques Cartier

The adoption of a new Constitution in 1987, brings the issue of the specificity of Quebec (populated mostly francophone) and its status despite the failure of two referendums on sovereignty held by the separatist Quebec (1980 , 1995).

1534: Possession of the country by Jacques Cartier.
1763: Treaty of Paris to cede the territory to the English.
1784 Creation of New Brunswick
1867, JA McDonald and GE Cartier of London granted the status of Dominion.
1931: Creation of the Commonwealth.
1987: Adoption of a new Constitution.

POLICY:
Canada is a constitutional monarche with head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently Queen Elizabeth II. See Canadian monarche. The representative of the queen in Canada is the Governor General, who signs the laws and performing other official duties. The Queen and his representative are more figures of pomp and little power it holds is reserved for times of crisis.

The Governor General is chosen by the Prime Minister of Canada, the leader of the party holding the largest number of seats in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister has indeed a particular power of appointment. The legislative branch of government consists of the Parliament of Canada, divided between the House of Commons and the Senate. The official opposition has specific rights.


PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES:
Canada has 10 provinces (some very small as Prince Edward Island) and 3 territories. The provinces are largely autonomomes in relation to the federal government over the territories, trough all the thirteen lejislatures have their Unicameral own.